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Accelerated Learning Options: Moving the Needle on Access and Success

This report was designed to inform members of the policy, education, and research communities about existing state and institutional policies and practices associated with four accelerated learning programs: Advanced Placement (AP), dual/concurrent enrollment, the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Program, and Tech-Prep.
2006 ~ 185pp. ~ Pub #2A358 ~ PDF ~ 2.57 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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Best Practice Strategies to Promote Academic Integrity in Online Education, Version 2.0
This list of best practice strategies is based on “Institutional Policies/Practices and Course Design Strategies to Promote Academic Integrity in Online Education,” produced by WCET in February 2009 and updated in April 2009. In May 2009, the Instructional Technology Council (ITC) surveyed its membership to invite feedback and additional strategies to enhance the WCET work. This June 2009 document reflects the combined contributions of WCET, the UT TeleCampus of the University of Texas System, and ITC.
2009 ~ 4pp. ~ PDF ~ 150 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Headcount of students sent and received through WICHE's Western Undergraduate Exchange with summaries by state, institution, and program. In 2012-13, WUE helped more than 31,000 students and their families save $235.8 million in tuition by paying 150% of resident intuition, instead of the full nonresident rate, at some 150 participating WUE institutions.
2013 ~ 171pp. ~ Pub #2A374D ~ PDF ~ 1.5 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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A Closer Look at Healthcare Workforce Needs in the West : Health Information Technology

With significant, industrywide advancements in health information technology (IT), institutions of higher education in the West will be called upon to provide a new generation of health IT graduates. New academic programs must be developed, existing programs will need to be retooled, and student recruitment strategies will be required to meet the health IT workforce demands of the future.
2007 ~ 6pp. ~ PDF ~ 902 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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A Closer Look at Healthcare Workforce Needs in the West : Medical Education

This report highlights three interrelated workforce issues of importance to physicians and medical schools that prepare individuals for a career in medicine: the shortage of physicians and the planned expansion of medical school enrollment, medical student indebtedness, and primary care physician service with emphasis on care delivery in rural areas. The West’s demographics present unique challenges in educating our future healthcare professionals, and this analysis suggests strategies for how Western states can link their resources to respond, particularly in higher education.
2008 ~ 16pp. ~ PDF ~ 289 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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A Closer Look at Healthcare Workforce Needs in the West : Oral Healthcare

The development of the future oral healthcare workforce is a central focus of WICHE, which has a long history of partnering with states to improve access to dental and other professional training via the Professional Student Exchange Program. This report highlights some of the key trends, issues, and challenges the WICHE region is facing with regard to the oral health care workforce.
2008 ~ 15pp. ~ PDF ~ 1.47 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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A Closer Look at Healthcare Workforce Needs in the West : Pharmacy

Pharmacy, with more than 230,000 practitioners today, is the third-largest health profession in the United States. Research on the national pharmacist workforce points to a continuing shortage of pharmacists, related to growth in medication use, the aging of the baby boomer generation, and the emergence of more clinical activities within pharmacies. Surveys that track shortage levels showed that there was a slow downward trend in the severity of shortages up until fall 2005, followed by higher shortage levels during the past year. Changes in shortage levels appear to parallel growth in prescription medication usage. WICHE’s Professional Student Exchange Program (PSEP) allows students from states that do not have a public school of pharmacy to pay reduced tuition to a cooperating institution in the West. Sending states determine the number of new students to be supported each year. In 2006-07, 40 students from Alaska, Hawaii, and Nevada attended 16 cooperating pharmacy schools.
2008 ~ 4pp. ~ PDF ~ 180 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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A Framework for a Multi-state Human Capital Development Data System
This paper presents a framework for how a multi-sector, multi-state data resource might be designed and governed. It is based on discussions and ongoing initiatives across several WICHE states, especially an effort involving the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Hawaii, to develop a prototype multi-state data exchange. Brian Prescott and Peter Ewell wrote A Framework for a Multi-State Human Capital Development Data System describing the results of WICHE and its partners’ work on this topic.
2009 ~ 18pp. ~ PDF ~ 311 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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A History of the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education: The First 40 Years

This history of the first 40 years of the organization, compiled and written by Dr. Frank Abbott, describes its origins and takes us from those early developmental years into its impressive growth and success under the leadership of Harold Enarson and Robert Kroepsch. It reports on the tumultuous and nearly devastating times at the end of the Kroepsch era, then describes the substantial accomplishments of Phil Sirotkin in restoring both focus and credibility to the organization in the late 1970s and 1980s.
2004 ~ 292pp. ~ Pub #2A348B ~ PDF ~ Printed copies available ~ 1.3 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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SURVEY REPORT
In August 2008, WCET invited over 170 directors of online/distance education programs/institutions to respond to a brief survey about the existing policies and practices employed by the program/institution that promote the academic integrity of online learning. One goal of the survey was to identify useful policies and promising practices to share among WCET member institutions.
2008 ~ 2pp. ~ PDF ~ 24 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Accelerated Learning Options: A Promising Strategy for States

2006 ~ 6pp. ~ PDF ~ 195 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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SUMMARY REPORT
Depression and suicide are especially relevant today in rural areas because of rapid expansion of the aging population in U.S. rural areas, and the fact that persons 65+ have led in suicide rates since 1970. Rural areas have a higher share of aging residents, with more health problems, and more limited access to health services than urban areas. Additionally, DHHS reports indicate that approximately 20% of U.S. residents aged 55+ have a mental disorder, including depression, which has been shown to be highly related to suicide attempts and completions. Accordingly, the increasing prevalence of older residents in rural areas makes these areas prime candidates for training in suicide-prevention interventions that could be extremely helpful to the principal health care resources in such rural areas – namely, primary health caregivers.
2009 ~ 34pp. ~ PDF ~ 427 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Advancing Campus Efficiencies: A Companion for Campus Leaders in the Digital Era

This publication provides straightforward advice and nontechnical information to help college and university administrators respond to calls for greater accountability and students’ increasing expectations for technology-supported services. The book draws upon WCET's more than 15 years of work on the effective use of technology to increase quality and efficiency in higher education. Authored by WCET staff and recognized leaders among its membership, Advancing Campus Efficiencies is a pragmatic and practical tool for deans, vice presidents, and presidents of private and public colleges and universities. The book is available for $40 through Anker Publishing. To order, follow the link below.
2007 ~ 236pp. ~ Pub #ISBN: 978-1-933371-13-9 ~ Printed copies available ~ LINK
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Entering a phase of significant uncertainty regarding future funding, College Access Challenge Grant programs must implement strategies to ensure the sustainability of their effective programs. This brief discusses four potential strategies that state programs can employ to increase the likelihood that their programs--which focus on increasing the number of low-income students who are prepared to enter and succeed in postsecondary education--will continue should funding end as expected in 2015 or possibly sooner.
2013 ~ 4pp. ~ Pub #2A384 ~ PDF ~ 144KB~ DOWNLOAD
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The Comparison Tool is an aid for reviewing curricula or other competency sets to determine the extent to which they cover the Alaskan Core Competencies for Direct Care Workers in Health & Human Services. Based on the comparisons, those curricula or competencies can then be updated to incorporate the core competencies.
2010 ~ 8pp. ~ PDF ~ 175 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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The Comparison Tool is an aid for reviewing curricula or other competency sets to determine the extent to which they cover the Alaskan Core Competencies for Direct Care Workers in Health & Human Services. Based on the comparisons, those curricula or competencies can then be updated to incorporate the core competencies.
2010 ~ 8pp. ~ PDF ~ 175 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Alaskan Core Competencies for Direct Care Workers in Health & Human Services, Version 1.0

This publication is designed to guide skill development with direct care workers, who are at times referred to as direct support workers, direct support professionals, paraprofessionals, or technicians. The Alaska Mental Health Trust Authority, in collaboration with the University of Alaska and the State of Alaska Department of Health & Social Services, sponsored the project, which was designed and staffed by the WICHE Mental Health Program and the Annapolis Coalition on the Behavioral Health Workforce.
2010 ~ 32pp. ~ PDF ~ 360 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Alaskan Core Competencies for Direct Care Workers in Health & Human Services, Version 1.0

This publication is designed to guide skill development with direct care workers, who are at times referred to as direct support workers, direct support professionals, paraprofessionals, or technicians. The Alaska Mental Health Trust Authority, in collaboration with the University of Alaska and the State of Alaska Department of Health & Social Services, sponsored the project, which was designed and staffed by the WICHE Mental Health Program and the Annapolis Coalition on the Behavioral Health Workforce.
2010 ~ 32pp. ~ PDF ~ 360 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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An Evaluation of Colorado’s College Opportunity Fund and Related Policies
Colorado is the only state in the nation that distributes taxpayer dollars to its public higher education institutions principally (though not exclusively) through a voucher program, known as the College Opportunity Fund (COF). WICHE’s Policy Analysis and Research unit was commissioned by the Colorado Department of Higher Education to conduct an evaluation of the COF and related policies, which was required by its enacting legislation.
2009 ~ 57pp. ~ PDF ~ DOWNLOAD
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This report examines tax structures in the Western states – a special concern of the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education – and focuses on revenue adequacy and its relationship to other tax policy goals.
2003 ~ 88pp. ~ Pub #2A349 ~ 1.38 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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Are Your Online Students Really the Ones Registered for the Course? A WCET Briefing Paper
This is a WCET Briefing Paper on the pending federal legislation concerning the authentication of distance education students. The paper provides an overview of the proposed legislation and describes some strategies to promote academic integrity in distance education (e.g. prevention approaches, compliance approaches). It provides a general overview of ways to promote academic integrity.
2008 ~ 3pp. ~ PDF ~ 30 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Assessment Of The Mental Health Funding Marketplace In Urban Vs. Rural Settings

Working Paper
The most recent data from the National Comorbidity Study Replication (NCS-R) indicate that rural individuals with MH problems are significantly less likely to receive any MH care for their disorder than individuals in urban and suburban areas. The NCS-R also reports that of those patients who do receive mental health care, rural patients are significantly more likely to receive general medical care only and significantly less likely to receive specialty mental health care. Because patients receiving care in the specialty mental health sector are substantially more likely to receive adequate care (45.4%) than patients receiving care in the general medical sector only (12.7%), this indicates that rural individuals are receiving poorer quality care. Reduced access to MH care in rural areas are undoubtedly due to an inadequate supply of MH specialists. Additionally, primary care (PC) providers, who provide the vast majority of MH care to persons living in rural areas, do not have the training necessary to provide evidence based psychotherapy, thus eliminating one of the primary treatment modalities for people with MH problems. The lack of MH specialists in rural areas is likely due to inadequate incentives for these specialists to practice in rural areas. Furthermore, previous research has shown that health plans are more likely to rely on demand side cost containment strategies for rural enrollees than supply side strategies. This may result in rural residents paying more out-of-pocket for mental health services. Additionally, the source of funding for MH services may differ depending on the type of mental illness.
2010 ~ 21pp. ~ PDF ~ 129 KB
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ADDITIONAL DETAILS, LINKS, AND DOWNLOADS
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Summary Report
Findings Brief
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Presents information on the West’s progress in improving access to, success in, and financing of higher education. The information is updated annually to monitor change over time and encourage its use as a current tool for informed discussion in policy and education communities.
2005 ~ 4pp. ~ PDF ~ 225 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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This report presents information on the West’s progress in improving access to, success in, and financing of higher education. The information is updated annually to monitor change over time and encourage its use as a current tool for informed discussion in policy and education communities, focusing demographics related to Access, Success, and Finance in the West.
2008 ~ 4pp. ~ PDF ~ 339 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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This report presents information on the West’s progress in improving access to, success in, and financing of higher education. The information is updated annually to monitor change over time and encourage its use as a current tool for informed discussion in policy and education communities, focusing demographics related to Access, Success, and Finance in the West. State-by-state data for Figures 1-15 are available in Excel file format below.
2010 ~ 4pp. ~ PDF ~ DOWNLOAD
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ADDITIONAL DETAILS, LINKS, AND DOWNLOADS
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Download Excel Tables Figure 1 The Education Pipeline Figure 2 Undergraduate Enrollment Among 25-49 Year Olds as a Percent of Population Figure 3 Percentage of Public High School Completers as a Proportion of the Number of 9th Graders Four Years Earlier Figure 4 Share of Full-Time Undergraduate Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity vs Share of Population by Race/Ethnicity, 1998-99 and 2008-09 Figure 5 Share of Bachelor's Degrees Awarded by Race/Ethnicity vs Share of Population by Race/Ethnicity, 1997-98 and 2007-08 Figure 6 College Participation and Impoverishment, 2008 Figure 7 Average Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Fees at Public Four-Year Institutions Figure 8 Ratio of Tuition and Fees to Median Household Income, Public Institutions, 2010-11, 2005-06, and 2000-01 Figure 9 Grant Aid per FTE in Public Institutions, 2004-05 to 2008-09 Figure 10 Need-Based Grant Aid Awarded by State Grant Programs per FTE Figure 11 Percentage of First-Time Full-Time Degree/Certificate-Seeking Students Receiving Federal Grant Aid Figure 12 WUE Total Savings to Families and/or States Figure 13 Total State and Local Appropriations to Higher Education per FTE, Public Institutions, FY 2001 to FY 2009 (Adjusted) Figure 14 Revenues from State and Local Appropriations and Tuition and Fees per FTE, Public Institutions, FY 2001 to FY 2009 (Adjusted) Figure 15 State Tax Revenue Per Capita (Adjusted for Inflation)
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This report presents information on the West’s progress in improving access to, success in, and financing of higher education. The information is updated annually to monitor change over time and encourage its use as a current tool for informed discussion in policy and education communities, focusing demographics related to Access, Success, and Finance in the West. State-by-state data for Figures 1-15 and three introductory tables are available in Excel file format below.
2011 ~ 4pp. ~ PDF ~ DOWNLOAD
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ADDITIONAL DETAILS, LINKS, AND DOWNLOADS
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Download Excel Tables Please note: These files are in .xlsx format
Figure 1 The Education Pipeline Figure 2 Undergraduate Enrollment Among 25-49 Year Olds as a Percent of Population Figure 3 Percentage of Public High School Completers as a Proportion of the Number of 9th Graders Four Years Earlier Figure 4 Share of Full-Time Undergraduate Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity vs Share of Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2000-01 and 2010-11 Figure 5 Share of Bachelor's Degrees Awarded by Race/Ethnicity vs Share of Population by Race/Ethnicity, 1999-2000 and 2009-10 Figure 6 College Participation and Impoverishment, 2009-10 Figure 7 Average Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Fees at Public Two-Year Institutions Figure 8 Ratio of Tuition and Fees to Median Household Income, Public Institutions, 2010-11, 2006-07, and 2001-02 Figure 9 Grant Aid per FTE in Public Institutions, 2004-05 to 2008-09 Figure 10 Need-Based Grant Aid Awarded by State Grant Programs per FTE Figure 11 Percentage of First-Time Full-Time Degree/Certificate-Seeking Students Receiving Federal Grant Aid Figure 12 WUE Total Savings to Families and/or States Figure 13 Total State and Local Appropriations to Higher Education per FTE, Public Institutions, FY 2001 to FY 2009 (Adjusted) Figure 14 Revenues from State and Local Appropriations and Tuition and Fees per FTE, FY 2001 to FY 2010 (Adjusted) Figure 15 State Tax Revenue Per Capita (Adjusted for Inflation)
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This report presents information on the West’s progress in improving access to, success in, and financing of higher education. The information is updated annually to monitor change over time and encourage its use as a current tool for informed discussion in policy and education communities, focusing demographics related to Access, Success, and Finance in the West. State-by-state data for Figures 1-15 are available in Excel file format below.
2012 ~ 4pp. ~ Pub #2A382 ~ PDF ~ 198 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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ADDITIONAL DETAILS, LINKS, AND DOWNLOADS
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Download Excel Tables
Please note: These files are in .xlsx format
Figure 1 The Education Pipeline Figure 2 Undergraduate Enrollment Among 25-49 Year Olds as a Percent of Population Figure 3 Percentage of Public High School Completers as a Proportion of the Number of 9th Graders Four Years Earlier Figure 4 Share of Full-Time Undergraduate Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity vs Share of Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2000-01 and 2010-11 Figure 5 Share of Bachelor's Degrees Awarded by Race/Ethnicity vs Share of Population by Race/Ethnicity, 1999-2000 and 2009-10 Figure 6 College Participation and Impoverishment, 2009-10 Figure 7 Average Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Fees at Public Two-Year Institutions Figure 8 Ratio of Tuition and Fees to Median Household Income, Public Institutions, 2010-11, 2006-07, and 2001-02 Figure 9 Grant Aid per FTE in Public Institutions, 2004-05 to 2009-10 Figure 10 Need-Based Grant Aid Awarded by State Grant Programs per FTE Figure 11 Percentage of First-Time Full-Time Degree/Certificate-Seeking Students Receiving Federal Grant Aid Figure 12 WUE Total Savings to Families and/or States Figure 13 Total State and Local Appropriations to Higher Education per FTE, Public Institutions, FY 2001 to FY 2009 (Adjusted) Figure 14 Revenues from State and Local Appropriations and Tuition and Fees per FTE, FY 2001 to FY 2010 (Adjusted) Figure 15 State Tax Revenue Per Capita (Adjusted for Inflation)
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Best Practices in Statewide Articulation and Transfer Systems: Research Literature Overview

This literature review is intended to serve as an overview of the studies that are relevant to our research project, which has been supported by Lumina with the purpose of identifying and promulgating best practices in statewide transfer and articulation systems in public higher education
2009 ~ 20pp. ~ PDF ~ 206 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Beyond Social Justice The Threat of Inequality to Workforce Development in the Western United States

With support from the Ford Foundation, WICHE focues this report on the states of the West, their ability to educate minorities, and the resulting impact on their workforces and economies.
2008 ~ 32pp. ~ Pub #2A369 ~ Printed copies available ~ PDF ~ 741 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Bringing Adults Back to College: Designing and Implementing a Statewide Concierge Model

A ready adult (or reentry) concierge is a single-point of contact at a college or university who helps returning adult students navigate the application, enrollment, and registration processes and overcome barriers to college success. To better understand the barriers faced by students in the reenrollment process and how the Concierge Model can help potential students reengage and earn a degree, WICHE recently collaborated with the Nevada System of Higher Education to convene a meeting of staff from each of the seven public institutions who serve as the campus concierge. This brief highlights effective strategies of ready adult concierges and provides a framework for those interested in implementing this model.
2010 ~ 8pp. ~ PDF ~ 751 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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A set of recommendations from WICHE to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) advocating for broadband for education.
2009 ~ 3pp. ~ PDF ~ 44 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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This white paper is the result of the 2006 Lariat Summit, a forum that convened over 40 leaders from the fields of science, education, and cyberinfrastructure to develop strategies and recommendations for connecting minority-serving institutions in the West to national broadband networks. This document is a first step towards developing both the will and the resources to ensure that minority-serving institutions are among the “connected” institutions in the West.
2007 ~ 39pp. ~ PDF ~ 6.5 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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The brief discusses promising new ideas and methods that states in WICHE's College Access Challenge Grant (CACG) Network are employing to increase the number of low-income students who are prepared to enroll and succeed in postsecondary education. The brief focuses on how Alaska, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming are utilizing partnerships with other entities, FAFSA completion programs, peer mentoring, and need-based financial aid in implementing their federally-funded CACG programs.
2011 ~ 8pp. ~ Pub #2A378 ~ Printed copies available ~ PDF ~ 166 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Community Level Risk Factors for Depression Hospitalizations

Working Paper
From the WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research, this study is the first to identify community-level risk factors for depression hospitalizations in urban and rural counties. It also identifies rural and urban areas with elevated hospitalization rates, which should be of interest to government officials, health plans and self-insured employers/payers seeking to control costs by preventing unnecessary hospitalizations.
2005 ~ 21pp. ~ PDF ~ 334 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Even while funding to our colleges and universities has declined, a college degree has retained its value. As a nation, and as individuals, we can’t afford to be poorly educated today. As President Obama said in his state of the union address, “In the 21st century, the best anti-poverty program around is a world-class education.” The opportunity, then, for the West is one that generations of Americans are familiar with: to do more with less. Dealing with scarcity – whether of institutions or programs or dollars – has been at the heart of WICHE’s mission since the beginning.
2010 ~ 20pp. ~ PDF ~ 563 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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In the face of dwindling state support to adequately fund higher education, we know we still need to produce more postsecondary graduates; and because we need to reach deeper into the low-income and minority communities to do so, controlling costs and keeping tuition affordable is critical. Along with challenging economic circumstances (and in some cases because of them), four issues have come to the forefront in the West, in addition to the key issue of productivity: performance funding; governance changes; accountability; and innovation. It is clear that the demands on our higher education systems and our institutions will continue to grow and that state funding levels will not keep pace. Let's hope the last year, challenging though it was for many states, yields more such innovations in the future.
2011 ~ PDF ~ 949 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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This policy brief summarizes the main findings from WICHE's recently released eighth edition of Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates publication. The brief places changes in the size and racial/ethnic composition of our nation's graduating classes in the context of the college completion agenda and the need for greater educational attainment. It also addresses how these demographic shifts, coupled with fiscal stress, are impacting the practice of enrollment management. It concludes by offering reflections on how policymakers and institutional leaders can respond to these challenges with policies and practices that align with society's rising needs and expectations for higher education.
2013 ~ 8pp. ~ Pub #2A385 ~ PDF ~ 151 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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WORKING PAPER
The purpose of this research is to examine possible differences in the prescription of psychotropic medications to youths in rural and urban areas. Multiple studies have indicated a dramatic increase in the number of youth being prescribed psychotropic medication over the past 15 to 20 years. For instance, data indicate that the overall annual rate of psychotropic medication use by children increased from 1.4 per 100 persons in 1987 to 3.9 in 1996, with significant increases found in the use rates of stimulants, antidepressants, other psychotropic medications, and polypharmacy of different classes of psychotropic medications. In a later study, rates of visits by youth resulting in a psychotropic prescription increased from 3.4 percent in 1994-1995 to 8.3 percent in 2000-2001, with annual growth rates rapidly accelerating after 1999. These trends were evident for males and females, and also significant across drug classes. Additionally, there appears to be an increase in the percent of visits by youth to outpatient clinics and emergency rooms that include prescriptions for psychotropic medications. Similar trends have been found in other countries.
2009 ~ 15pp. ~ PDF ~ 165 kb~ DOWNLOAD
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Working Paper
From the WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research, this study explores whether enhanced depression care has comparable impact on clinical outcomes over two years for patients treated in rural and urban primary care practices and whether differences are mediated by receiving evidence-based care (pharmacotherapy and specialty care counseling).
2005 ~ 14pp. ~ PDF ~ 84 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Executive Summary
1p. ~ PDF ~ 9 KB ~ DOWNLOAD
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This paper assesses the needs of rural primary care providers for trraining on mental health issues.
2009 ~ 25pp. ~ PDF ~ 204 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Distance Learning in Depression for Rural Primary Care and Mental Health Providers

Working Paper
The purpose of this project was to develop effective distance learning methods to train rural PCPs in integrated care models for depression using computer based training (“E-Learning”) and materials adapted from the MacArthur Initiative on Depression & Primary Care. Rural was generally defined as a county with a population less than 50,000 people.
2009 ~ 10pp. ~ PDF ~ 122 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Early Commitment Financial Aid Programs: Promises, Practices, and Policies

This paper is intended as a resource for people interested in early commitment programs. It describes existing programs and the various approaches they use. It includes programs mandated by state and federal policies, as well as those sponsored by states and school districts in partnership with private-sector funders. The study identifies practices that appear to work and proposes specific guidelines for state, school district, and other leaders who are interested in starting new early financial aid commitment programs.
2005 ~ 56pp. ~ PDF ~ 1.17 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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2003 ~ 4pp. ~ PDF ~ 890 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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2003 ~ 4pp. ~ PDF ~ 890 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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On May 26-27, 1999, WICHE and the Arizona Board of Regents recently hosted a workshop addressing financial aid as part of the Western Policy Exchange project. The WPE Financial Aid Workshop explored state and institutional financial aid issues within the context of access and affordability. Thirty-eight participants from the 15 WICHE states, and Washington, D.C., came together in Phoenix, Arizona to address financial aid concerns.
1999 ~ Web page ~ LINK
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Fostering Collaborative State-Level Education and Workforce Database Development

2009 ~ 8pp. ~ PDF ~ 507 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Fostering Postsecondary Student Success: Transitions, Transfer, and Articulation

From May 27-29, 1997 WICHE, with the Education Commission of the States and the State Higher Education Executive Officers, held a western policy forum on the theme, "Fostering Postsecondary Student Success: Transitions, Transfer, and Articulation" in Seattle, Washington. This issue of Western Policy Exchanges highlights part of the dialogue that emerged in the sessions.
1997 ~ Web page ~ LINK
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Specifically designed to reach out to the nation’s state legislators, Getting What You Pay For: Understanding Appropriations, Tuition, and Financial Aid, continues the effort to expand access and success for all students through eight concise policy briefs designed to identify best practices and ensure that every available state dollar works for students, not against them. Each brief is available as a PDF download from the Web site.
2008 ~ Web page ~ LINK
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Going the Distance in Adult College Completion: Lessons from the 'Non-traditional No More' Project

From 2008 to 2011, WICHE worked with six states (Arkansas, Colorado, Nevada, New Jersey, North Dakota, and South Dakota) to improve policies and practices to increase adult degree completion as a way to raise overall state educational attainment levels. With funding from Lumina Foundation, the project, known as Nontraditional No More: Policy Solutions for Adult Learners, identified and eliminated barriers that keep adults with prior college credit from returning to postsecondary education and completing their degrees. By bringing together state and institutional leaders, the project pursued two main objectives: identifying “ready adults,” or those who earned a significant number of prior college credits before leaving postsecondary education without earning a credential; and building a pathway to postsecondary success.
2012 ~ 58pp. ~ Pub #2A379 ~ Printed copies available ~ PDF ~ 979 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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These guidelines were the result of the U.S. Department of Education's FIPSE-funded project "Beyond the Administrative Core". The guidelines assist colleges and universities in planning and implementing online student services. Additional documents:
2002 ~ Web page
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Higher Education : The Engine of Economic Opportunity - WICHE 2009 Annual Report

American higher education has been on a collision course with financial reality for more than 25 years. This unprecedented economic downturn gives us a chance to finally find new models that will preserve quality and access, but within a less expensive paradigm. WICHE helps find solutions that will sustain higher education, not just through the current crisis but over the long haul.
2009 ~ 24pp. ~ PDF ~ 268 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Higher Education : The Engine of Economic Opportunity - WICHE Workplan 2009

In fiscal 2009 WICHE and its four units - Public Policy and Research, Programs and Services, WCET, and Mental Health - will work to build a better education engine via our efforts in our five areas: finance, access and success, workforce and social issues, technology and innovoation, and accountability.
2008 ~ 19pp. ~ PDF ~ 256 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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See also, Higher Education : A Powerful Trust - WICHE Workplan 2008.
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Higher Education Web Portals: Serving State and Student Transfer Needs

Students need access to web-based resources where they can easily learn about the transfer options available to them—so they can save time and money as they strive to meet their educational goals. This study, conducted by WCET, is one component of the “Best Practices in Statewide Articulation and Transfer Systems” project, funded by Lumina Foundation for Education, and conducted by Hezel Associates and WICHE. This brief will help inform a companion project on college access portals being conducted by the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) and also funded by Lumina Foundation for Education. Together, the findings from both the WICHE and SREB research will help lay the groundwork for important discussions about the policy landscape around web portals, including their effectiveness and what the future may hold.
2010 ~ 12pp. ~ PDF ~ 588 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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This document was developed to clarify how WICHE determines which applicants can be supported through its Professional Student Exchange Program (PSEP).
2008 ~ 3pp. ~ PDF ~ 32 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Identifying At-risk Rural Areas for Targeting Enhanced Schizophrenia Treatment

Policy Brief
From the WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research, this policy brief summarizes nationally representative data on community-level risk factors associated with schizophrenia hospitalizations. It examines how socio-economic factors and the makeup of local health care systems affect the rate of schizophrenia hospitalizations. It identifies geographic areas with elevated rates. It also presents a discussion about the findings. It should be of interest to government and private health plan administrators, as well as those responsible for designing mental health delivery systems – anyone interested in creating outpatient treatment programs that may prevent costly hospitalizations.
2007 ~ 2pp. ~ PDF ~ 88 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Identifying Stakeholders to Pay for Enhanced Depression Treatment in Rural Populations

Working Paper
From the WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research, this study investigates whether two of the multiple stakeholder groups (health plans and employer purchasers) in two delivery systems (rural and urban) economically benefit from improved depression treatment by testing whether depression care management results in: (1) a greater reduction of utilization costs in insured rural patients than their urban counterparts (health plan stakeholders), and (2) a greater reduction in work costs in employed urban patients than their rural counterparts (employer purchaser stakeholders).
2008 ~ 21pp. ~ PDF ~ 84 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Information Gaps on the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Population: A Background Paper
This document was produced in response to the pressing mental health needs of an underserved population. It describes the current status of deafness and hearing loss in America, the prevalence of mental health issues in deaf populations, and an overview of the behavioral health workforce as it pertains to both rural and deaf/hard of hearing populations.
2006 ~ 38pp. ~ PDF ~ 321 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Informing Public Policy: Financial Aid and Student Persistence

This is one of a series of the Changing Direction documents produced to foster greater understanding of key issues related to establishing stronger alignment of financial aid and financing policies. The primary objective of this report is to shed light on the topic of institutionally and statefunded grants to students attending public higher education institutions. While there has been a fair amount of research conducted on state financial aid, much less is known about how institutional grants are used in public colleges and universities. This study uses data from a nationally representative survey of the U.S. Department of Education to analyze the characteristics of students receiving these grants and whether the awarding of these grants is related to persistence and degree attainment. A secondary objective is to familiarize state and institutional policymakers with the type of data available from the federal government that could be used for conducting their own analyses of student persistence.
2003 ~ 40pp. ~ Pub #8A21 ~ Printed copies available ~ PDF ~ 2.2 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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Integrating Financial Aid and Financing Policies: Case Studies from Five States

These case studies of Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, Missouri, and Oregon were designed to help equip policymakers and higher education leaders from all sectors more effectively address key public policy issues concerning the structuring of financing and financial aid to achieve goals of access to quality higher education. The overarching question the project hoped to address through the case studies and other project activities was: How can policymakers at all levels – most particularly those at the state level – more effectively integrate tuition, financial aid, and appropriations policies in ways that promote student participation and completion? The results of the states’ work are linked back to the overall goals and objectives of the Changing Direction project in an effort to illustrate how the integration of public policies around financing and financial aid might be approached.
2003 ~ 42pp. ~ Pub #8A23 ~ Printed copies available ~ PDF ~ 2.9 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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One of WICHE’s primary activities of the Changing Direction project (funded by Lumina Foundation for Education) was to provide direct technical assistance to states that were seriously considering higher education financing issues in new ways. WICHE chose 14 states for the project and worked closely with each for a two-year period to develop a more comprehensive state policymaking framework and process so that policies related to appropriations, tuition, and financial aid were better aligned, occurred in an environment of collaboration, and supported state goals for higher education. In an effort to chronicle the states’ progress and developments as well as share the lessons learned, this publication offers a compilation of case studies written about the Changing Direction technical assistance states.
2008 ~ 89pp. ~ Pub #2A357 ~ Printed copies available ~ PDF ~ 980 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Internet2 and School Libraries: The Time is Now (More than Ever)

This article penned by James Werle and Louis Fox and published in the September/October 2009 issue of Multimedia & Internet@Schools magazine.
2009 ~ 20pp. ~ PDF ~ 1.6MB~ DOWNLOAD
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Ensuring that all students – including those we have not served well traditionally – learn what they need to know so that they can be successful members of their communities is a major priority for WICHE and its units: Policy Analysis and Research, Programs and Services, Mental Health Program, WCET, and the Technology and Innovation initiative. In fiscal 2012 we’ll strive to assist the West’s institutions to find ways to help students not only to graduate but also to hit their marks when it comes to learning. Our work will focus on five areas: finance, access and success, workforce and society, technology and innovation, and accountability.
2011 ~ PDF ~ 577 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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2005 ~ 6pp. ~ PDF ~ 319 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates 8th Edition, December 2012

This 8th edition of WICHE's Knocking at the College Door: Projections of High School Graduates (click for website) includes data on enrollments and graduates by state and for major racial/ethnic groups covering the period from 2009-10 to 2027-28.
2012 ~ 149pp. ~ Pub #2A366 ~ PDF ~ LINK ~ 3 MB (entire publication)~ DOWNLOAD
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Foreword and Acknowledgments Executive Summary Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Projections of High School Graduates National Trends Elementary and Secondary Enrollments High School Graduates Regional and State Trends Summary Chapter 3 Projections by Race/Ethnicity Components of Change National Trends Regional and State Trends Racial/Ethnic Groups Summary Chapter 4 Sources and Methods Factors Affecting CSRs and Projections Data Sources and Adjustments National, Regional, and Subgroup Projections References Appendices Appendix A. Data Tables Appendix B. Technical Information Births Data Public School Data Notes Nonpublic School Data Notes Online Features State Profiles Download Data Explore Data Supplements to Knocking at the College Door, 8th Edition Demography as Destiny: Policy Considerations in
Enrollment Management (WICHE Policy Insights, April 2013)Methodology Review Report Previous editions of Knocking at the College Door 2008 Request 2003 Request
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2003 ~ 8pp. ~ PDF ~ 890 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Letters to the Field are informational newsletters published periodically. Topics include recent developments in the field of rural mental health as they apply to isolated "frontier" rural areas.
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Letter to the Field No. 1
New Rural Mental Health Services Resource Center Being Established
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 2
Focusing on "Frontier": Isolated Rural America
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 3
Telemental Health Services In U.S. Frontier Areas
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 4
Access to Mental Health Services in Frontier America
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 5
The Role of Rural Primary Care Physicians in the Provision of Mental Health Services
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 6
Frontier Mental Health Strategies: Integrating, Reaching Out, Building Up and Connecting
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 7
Delivering Mental Health Services to the Seriously Mentally Ill in Frontier Areas: Evidence from Five States
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 8
General Models for Delivering Mental Health Services to the Seriously Mentally Ill in Frontier Areas
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 9
Managed Behavioral Health Care in the Frontier
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 10
The Role of Rural Primary Care Providers in the Provision of Mental Health Services: Voices from the Plains
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 11
The Availability of Health and Mental Health Providers by Population Density
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 12
Cost Dynamics Of Frontier Mental Health Services
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 13
Client Outcomes And Costs In Frontier Mental Health Organizations
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 14
Effective Management Strategies For Frontier Mental Health Organizations
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 15
Surveillance of Demand for Mental Health Services in Frontier Areas
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 16
Organization and Delivery of Mental Health Services to Adolescents and Children in Frontier Areas
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 17
Delivering Mental Health Services to Children and Adolescents in Frontier Areas: Parent and Provider Views
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 18
Low Density Counties with Different Types of Sociodemographic, Economic and Health/Mental Health Characteristics
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 19
Telemental Health Services in Frontier Areas: Provider and Consumer Perspectives
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 20
Mental Health Service Utilization in Rural and Non-Rural Areas
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 21
Aging, Mental Illness, and the Frontier
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 22
Defining and Describing Frontier Areas in the United States: An Update
December 2000 ~ LINKLetter to the Field No. 23
Problems Faced By Consumers Of Mental Health Services Out In A Frontier Community
December 2000 ~ LINK
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Article by Mike Abbiatti
Broadband networks in the United States, such as Internet2 and the National LambdaRail, can provide a platform for the research community and the K-20 classroom community to launch a dialog about how we can effectively share infrastructure and expertise via powerful teaching and learning applications across the curriculum. This article invites the research and instructional communities to start a dialogue about scaling the resources of Internet2, the National LambdaRail, and other high performance networks across the curriculum via creative and innovative applications.
2009 ~ 1pp. ~ LINK
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Linking Tuition and Financial Aid Policy: The Gubernatorial Perspective

This survey of governor’s education policy advisors was commissioned as part of Changing Direction and as a companion piece to a previously published survey, Linking Tuition and Financial Aid Policy: The State Legislative Perspective. These two publications collectively are designed to provide insight into the perspectives of key state policymakers, and this survey specifically is intended to contribute to the existing base of knowledge by examining the perceptions of governors and their advisors about critical decisions and their role in higher education financing policy. Exploring their viewpoint will hopefully lead to better, more informed decisions on these important issues.
2004 ~ 22pp. ~ Pub #2A351 ~ PDF ~ 3.6 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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Linking Tuition and Financial Aid Policy: The State Legislative Perspective

Realizing the importance of state legislatures in discussions relating to issues on financial aid and financing in higher education, WICHE commissioned the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) to create and administer a survey of state legislators to explore linkages between state funding and state student financial aid policy. The survey is part of a major project, Changing Direction: Integrating Higher Education Financial Aid and Financing Policies, supported by Lumina Foundation for Education, that examined how to structure financial aid and financing policies and practices to maximize participation, access, and success for all students. Because state legislators are key players in the education policymaking process, their insights contributed significantly to the overall work of this project.
2003 ~ 21pp. ~ Pub #8A22 ~ Printed copies available ~ PDF ~ 1 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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The "Managing Online Education" survey obtains data on the instructional, operational, and technology infrastructure of online programs in higher education. This is the Executive Summary from the 2010 survey. The Campus Computing Project and WCET joined together to develop and conduct the first survey in 2009.
2010 ~ 16pp. ~ PDF ~ DOWNLOAD
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The Campus Computing Project and WCET joined together to develop and conduct the first “Managing Online Education” survey in the Summer of 2009. Survey results were first presented at the WCET Annual Conference on October 22, 2009. Link to materials and presentations of the survey results.
2009 ~ LINK
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Results of a benchmarking study, performed under contract for MIT, provides comparative data from ten peer institutions regarding their use and support of Course/Learning Management Systems.
2006 ~ 90pp. ~ PDF ~ 444 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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New Approaches to the New Normal: Recapping 2012 Higher Education Legislative Activity in the West

While tax revenues in many Western states have improved since FY 2011, the 2012 legislative sessions still experienced what has become the familiar round of funding cuts to higher education, coupled with tuition increases for students. The good news is that the cuts and increases weren’t as severe as in previous years, despite continued aversion to spending by most state legislatures. The bad news is that the loss of stimulus funds and the rising cost of health care, K-12 education, and other public services mean that states still face a tremendous amount of economic pressure. This Policy Insights brief summarizes key themes from the 2012 legislative sessions and highlights some emerging issues to watch in the West.
2012 ~ 8pp. ~ Pub #2A382 ~ PDF ~ 296 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Online Advanced Placement Courses: Experiences of Rural and Low-Income High School Students

The purpose of this special study was to examine rural and low-income students’ experiences with online Advanced Placement (AP)
courses. In April and May 2002, 30 students, their mentors and school administrators were interviewed at four rural high schools in two Western states about their experiences with online AP courses.2003 ~ Pub #8A10 ~ PDF ~ DOWNLOAD
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Online Education: Where Is It Going? What Should Boards Know?

Published by the Association of Governing Boards in Trusteeship Magazine, Jan/Feb 2011, this article highlights new data from the fall 2010 Managing Online Education Survey, sponsored by The Campus Computing Project and the WICHE Consortium for Educational Technology (WCET).
Kenneth C. Green is founding director of the Campus Computing Project, the largest continuing study of the role of information technology in American higher education. Ellen Wagner is executive director of the WICHE Consortium for Educational Technology, a collaborative membership organization that works to advance excellence in technology-enhanced teaching and learning in higher education.
2011 ~ 5pp. ~ PDF ~ 853 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Overview of State Policies on Lower-division General Education Core in the WICHE States

The WICHE Interstate Passport Initiative, launched in October 2011, is a pilot project that addresses interstate student transfer. This document provides an overview on the current policies around the lower-division general education core in the WICHE states and presents the general education credits required in each state.
2012 ~ 5pp. ~ PDF ~ DOWNLOAD
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A companion piece, General Education Policies in the WICHE states, presents information on two research objectives of the Interstate Passport Initiative: (1) identify the existing policies in the WICHE states related to the general education core, and (2) identify the courses, criteria, or outcomes that compose the general education core in the WICHE states Additionally, information is provided on the authority or oversight body on general education policy in the state.
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Overview of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act’s Broadband Provisions

Powerpoint presentation by Louis Fox, Vice President of WICHE Technology and Innovation.
2009 ~ 12pp. ~ PDF ~ 845 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Pathways To and Through College: Linking Policy with Research and Practice

2003 ~ 6pp. ~ PDF ~ 756 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Policies in Sync: Appropriations, Financial Aid and Financing for Higher Education

This compilation of four papers is Changing Direction’s initial look into a system comprised of integrated financial aid and financing policies and includes: (1) Financing in Sync: Aligning Fiscal Policy with State Objectives; (2) The Governance Context for State Policies on Appropriations, Tuition, and Financial Aid; (3) Informing the Integration of Tuition, Student Financial Aid, and State Appropriations Policies; and (4) Information Sources for Answering Key Financing and Financial Aid Policy Questions: Current Practice and Future Possibilities. Each paper examines a different aspect—a conceptual framework, governance, data as a tool to integrate policy, and what states need to know to design integrated policies—all of which are critical to this alignment.
2003 ~ 74pp. ~ Pub #8A20 ~ PDF ~ 1.1 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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Policy Exchanges: Strategies for Success: Promising Ideas in Adult College Completion

This publication is the first of a series focusing on promising new ideas and innovative practices developed through the Adult College Completion Network. The brief addresses five topics of importance to those working to improve adult college completion.
• Data availability particular to the returning adult population
• Partnerships between employers and higher education institutions
• Communications and marketing campaigns to reach and reengage adults with prior college credit
• Transfer credits
• Prior learning assessment
2012 ~ Pub #2A381 ~ PDF ~ 403 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Policy in Transition: Information Technology's Impact on the Financing of Higher Education

On December 2-3, 1998, in Portland, Oregon, this Western Policy Exchange workshop drew over 150 policymakers from 21 states and the District of Columbia to discuss the growing cost of using information technology to address access, instructional, and operational needs in the states demands. This summary focuses on the major problems addressed and creative solutions offered during the forum.
1999 ~ Web page ~ LINK
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Policy in Transition: Working Toward Systemic Change in Higher Education in the West

With a grant from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for the Western Policy Exchange (WPE) project, WICHE coordinated a public policy decision-making process to examine and shape the public interest in higher education. Policy in Transition summarizes some of the major policy issues confronted by higher education, how the Western states have faced these issues, and what strategies they have used to implement change.
1999 ~ 21pp. ~ Pub #2A326 ~ PDF ~ 297 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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WICHE’s electronic fact book presents regional as well as state-by- state data, with analyses on several fiscal, demographic, economic, and social indicators important to policymakers, educators, and researchers in the West. These indicators are updated periodically as new data become available. Downloadable PDF and Excel files are available from this site.
2008 ~ Web page ~ LINK
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Postcards from the Margin: A National Dialogue on Accelerated Learning

This publication reflects on the June 2006 gathering in Atlanta of a diverse group of approximately 250 stakeholders—elected leaders, educators, researchers, and foundation officials for the forum, Accelerated Learning: Shaping Public Policy to Serve Underrepresented Youth, sponsored by Jobs for the Future (JFF) and the WICHE.
2006 ~ 12pp. ~ PDF ~ 423 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Policy Brief
From the WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research, this study examines whether depressed rural primary care patients are more likely than urban patients to be hospitalized; it investigates whether differences in hospitalization rates can be explained by differences in the utilization of specialty outpatient care; and it looks at whether rural patients face more “insurance barriers” to outpatient care. This study should be of interest to policy makers and administrators seeking to develop better delivery systems for rural mental health services. It should also be of interest to insurers, self-insured employers and other payers seeking the most effective use of health care expenditures.
2007 ~ 2pp. ~ PDF ~ 100 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Executive summary
1p ~ PDF ~ 9 KB ~ DOWNLOAD
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Professional Student Exchange Program (PSEP) Administrative Manual

This administrative manual details the operation of WICHE's Professional Student Exchange Program (PSEP). It outlines the responsibilities and procedures for WICHE, State Certifying Officers, participating programs, and PSEP students
2012 ~ 56pp. ~ Pub #2A231 ~ PDF ~ 1.3 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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Promising Practices in Statewide Articulation and Transfer Systems

A joint publication by the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education and Hezel Associates, Promising Practices in Statewide Articulation and Transfer Systems highlights state efforts in statewide articulation and transfer. The publication offers promising practices and policy recommendations, which are the result of a research study that includes a literature review, scan of publicly available information, surveys, and interviews with key higher education officials.
2010 ~ 56pp. ~ Pub #2A373 ~ PDF ~ 670 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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“Protecting Our Priorities,” WICHE’s fiscal 2010 workplan, focuses on how we can ensure that all our students not only have access to higher education but are well-equipped to succeed at college and able to pay for it.
2009 ~ 20pp. ~ PDF ~ 1.1 MB~ DOWNLOAD
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What does “protecting our priorities” mean in an era when economic realities require that our institutions of higher education trim their budgets while also providing critical education and training to more and more students – those “human resources” whose skills will be the key to any economic turnaround? This is a question WICHE addresses every day. For over 50 years, WICHE has helped states deal with scarcity ... At the core of all our efforts are three elements: efficiency, effectiveness, and innovation. The 2010 annual report details the ways WICHE has worked to protect our higher education priorities in the last fiscal year.
2010 ~ 19pp. ~ PDF ~ 279 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Registered Nursing Shortages: Public Policy, and Higher Education in the Western States

2003 ~ 6pp. ~ PDF ~ 98 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Working Paper
This working paper assesses the association between rurality and depression care.
2009 ~ 21pp. ~ PDF ~ 128 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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Serving American Indian Students: Participation in Accelerated Learning Opportunities

This study is designed to address the disparity in access to and participation in academically challenging courses — although the percentage of students from ethnic minority groups participating in AP has risen in recent years, these groups still remain underrepresented. It examines American Indian student participation in AP programs and other accelerated learning opportunities and develops a context for understanding American Indian student access and participation in several Western states.
2004 ~ 36pp. ~ Pub #2A349 ~ PDF ~ 346 KB~ DOWNLOAD
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2006 ~ 6pp. ~ PDF ~ 138 KB~ DOWNLOAD


